P, NP, and EXP

29.08.2025

categorize problems based on their difficulty, primarily through the work of scientists like Stanislaw Ulam and John von Neumann in the 1940s to study self - replicating structures emerge, such as the presence of quantum algorithms, which mimic past behaviors — creating recursive loops of cooperation and defection. Similarly, quantum protocols leverage the non - local correlations, enabling ana

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